How to legally own a firearm in Poland as a foreigner

If you are living in Poland but originally from another country, you may be interested in obtaining a firearm permit. Polish law allows residents to own a variety of firearms, and the process, while structured, is quite accessible for those willing to follow the necessary steps. In this guide, we will explain the types of firearms you can legally own, the kinds of licenses available, and the steps required to obtain a permit.

Firearm ownership in Poland: what’s legal?

Polish regulations permit the possession of firearms that do not fire in automatic bursts and have a caliber smaller than 12 mm. Here’s a breakdown of what you can own:

• Pistols: you can possess most handguns, with the exception of the Magnum Research Desert Eagle .50 AE.
• Rifles: popular models such as Kalashnikovs, G36s, and M16s are allowed.
• Shotguns and Submachine Guns: these firearms can also be legally owned under the same rules.

Types of licenses available

In Poland, there are two main types of firearm licenses worth considering: the collector’s license and the sport shooting license. While both allow you to purchase similar types of firearms, holding both licenses enables you to expand the number of firearms you can own. The exact number permitted will be specified on your license, but it is possible to apply for an expansion later on.

• Collector's license: primarily intended for those interested in building a collection of firearms.
• Sport shooting license: allows you to carry a concealed pistol daily, loaded and ready for use. This type of license is easier to obtain compared to a self-defense permit, which is rare and difficult to secure in Poland.

Using a firearm for self-defense

Under Polish law, you have the right to defend yourself using any reasonable means necessary if your life or well-being is threatened. However, the level of force used in defense must be proportionate to the level of threat encountered.

Steps to obtain a firearm license

1. Join a shooting club and a collectors' association - the first step is to become a member of both a shooting club and a collectors' association. You'll need to pay the annual fees and remain a club member for at least three months before you can take the Shooter's Patent exam. During this time, practice regularly to build the skills needed for the test.
2. Pass the shooter’s patent exam - the exam consists of practical and theoretical components:

• Practical test: involves shooting with a pistol, rifle, or shotgun.
• Theoretical test: consists of a 10-question multiple-choice test in Polish, where only one mistake is allowed. As a foreigner, you might consider hiring a translator or getting the study material professionally translated to help with preparation.

3. Apply for a sport shooter license - once you pass the Shooter’s Patent, apply for a sport shooter license, which will allow you to participate in competitions. This license requires periodic renewal and proof of active participation in shooting events.

Obtaining the gun permit

1. Complete the necessary paperwork

 After acquiring the Shooter’s Patent and sport shooter license, you need to collect a few more documents:

• A certificate from a certified physician and psychiatrist confirming you are fit to own firearms (your club will provide a list of approved doctors).
• Confirmation of participation in shooting competitions (your placement in the events does not matter).

2. Submit your application

 Prepare all required documents, pay the administrative fee, and submit your application to the firearm permit office at the state capital. You can do this by mail or in person. The approval process typically takes about a month.

3. Expect a police visit

   During the processing period, a local police officer will likely visit your residence for an informal interview and may also speak with your neighbors. This is a routine part of the application process to ensure community safety.

Acquiring a firearm permit as a foreigner in Poland is a structured but attainable process. While there are several steps involved, from joining a shooting club to passing exams and completing paperwork, each phase is manageable with the right preparation. Following these guidelines not only ensures compliance with Polish law but also allows you to enjoy firearm ownership safely and responsibly. Whether for sport shooting, collecting, or self-defense, understanding the legal framework and taking the necessary steps will help you navigate the path to legal firearm ownership in Poland.